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Municipality of Bayham - Municipal Energy Plan - Local Action Plan - Final
Municipality of Bayham Municipal Energy Plan and Local Action Plan Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham by IBI Group Professional Services (Canada) Inc. May 2018 © 2018, The Corporation of the Municipality of Bayham. All Rights Reserved. The preparation of this plan was carried out with assistance from the Green Municipal Fund, a Fund financed by the Government of Canada and administered by the Federation of Canadian Municipalities and the Municipal Energy Plan Program a Fund financed by the Government of Ontario and administered by the Ministry of Energy. Notwithstanding this support, the views expressed are the personal views of the authors, and the Federation of Canadian Municipalities, the Government of Canada, Government of Ontario and the Ministry of Energy accept no responsibility for them. IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham Table of Contents Executive Summary ..................................................................................................... 1 1 Introduction to Community Energy Planning.................................................... 2 1.1 Community Energy Planning Overview ...................................................... 2 1.2 Municipal Energy Plan ............................................................................... 2 1.3 Local Action Plan ....................................................................................... 3 1.4 Climate Change ......................................................................................... 3 2 Community Profile .............................................................................................. 4 2.1 Overview of the Municipality of Bayham .................................................... 4 2.2 Growth Forecasts ...................................................................................... 4 2.3 Local Economy .......................................................................................... 5 3 Energy Policy Context ........................................................................................ 6 3.1 National Context ........................................................................................ 6 3.2 Provincial Context ...................................................................................... 6 3.2.1 Ontario’s Climate Change Strategy (2017) ..................................... 7 3.2.2 Ontario’s Five Year Climate Change Action Plan 2016-2020 .......... 7 3.3 Local Context ............................................................................................. 8 3.3.1 Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan ................... 9 3.3.2 Bayham’s Official Plan .................................................................. 10 4 Municipality of Bayham Consumption and Production .................................. 11 4.1 Energy Consumption ............................................................................... 11 4.1.1 Electricity ...................................................................................... 11 4.1.2 Natural Gas .................................................................................. 11 4.1.3 Vehicle Fuel ................................................................................. 12 4.2 Energy Production ................................................................................... 12 4.2.1 Wind Energy - Erie Shores Wind Farm ......................................... 13 4.2.2 Solar Energy – AMBER Co-op, FIT Program ................................ 13 4.2.3 Ethanol / Bio-fuels Energy - IGPC Ethanol Inc. ............................. 13 2-i IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham Table of Contents (continued) 4.3 Baseline Energy....................................................................................... 14 4.3.1 Baseline Energy Profile ................................................................ 14 4.3.2 GIS Mapping ................................................................................ 17 4.4 Energy Topics and Trends ....................................................................... 22 4.4.1 Agriculture .................................................................................... 22 4.4.2 Alternative Land Use Service (ALUS) ........................................... 22 4.4.3 Land Use ...................................................................................... 23 4.4.4 Transportation .............................................................................. 23 4.4.5 Public Health – Active Transportation ........................................... 23 4.4.6 Recycling/Waste Management ..................................................... 24 4.4.7 FIT and microFIT Program ........................................................... 25 4.4.8 Cap and Trade ............................................................................. 25 4.4.9 Energy Audits, Building Repairs and Redevelopment ................... 26 4.4.10 Local Renewable Energy Coordination Opportunities ................... 27 5 MEP Vision and Goals ...................................................................................... 28 5.1 Vision and Goals ...................................................................................... 28 5.1.1 MEP Vision ................................................................................... 28 5.1.2 MEP Goals ................................................................................... 28 6 Local Action Plan to Reduce GHG Emissions ................................................ 33 6.1 Purpose ................................................................................................... 33 6.2 Business Case ......................................................................................... 33 6.3 Energy Projections and Reduction Targets – Community ........................ 33 6.3.1 Business as Usual - Community ................................................... 33 6.3.2 Reduction Target - Community ..................................................... 34 6.4 Energy Projections and Reduction Targets - Corporate ........................... 35 6.4.1 Water/Wastewater Treatment Operations ..................................... 35 6.4.2 Municipal Building Operations ...................................................... 36 6.4.3 Streetlight Energy Usage .............................................................. 37 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham Table of Contents (continued) 6.4.4 Recycling/Solid Waste .................................................................. 37 6.4.5 Business as Usual and GHG Emissions Reduction Projections – Corporate ..................................................................................... 37 6.4.6 Reduction Target – Corporate ...................................................... 40 6.5 Goals and Actions .................................................................................... 40 6.5.1 Actions ....................................................................................... 41 6.5.2 Actions Timeframe and Status ...................................................... 47 7 Implementation Strategy .................................................................................. 50 7.1 Community Based Strategic Plan 2018 .................................................... 50 7.2 Administrative Responsibility ................................................................... 50 7.3 Capital Budget Criteria ............................................................................. 50 7.4 MEP and LAP Review.............................................................................. 50 7.5 MEP and LAP Communication Strategy .................................................. 51 Appendix A - Data Analysis Process ........................................................................ 52 Appendix B - Summary of Stakeholder Engagement .............................................. 54 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham Table of Contents (continued) List of Figures Figure 1: Bayham wind turbines and potential fuel crops. ................................................... 8 Figure 2: Baseline 2015 - Electricity Consumption and GHG Emissions map. ................. 19 Figure 3: Baseline 2015 – Natural Gas Consumption and GHG Emissions map. ............ 21 Figure 4: Bayham Waste Treatment Plant ......................................................................... 30 Figure 5: Electric Vehicle Charging Station ....................................................................... 32 Figure 6: Bayham Fire Station No. 1, Port Burwell. ........................................................... 37 List of Tables Table 1: Electricity consumption in Bayham 2015. ............................................................ 11 Table 2: Natural gas consumption in Bayham 2015 .......................................................... 12 Table 3: Municipality of Bayham Baseline Energy Profile, 2015. ...................................... 16 Table 4: Comparison of electricity consumption and GHG emissions in the Rural Village Area (RVA) vs. the Rural Area (RA). ............................................................... 18 Table 5: Comparison table for natural gas consumption and GHG emissions in the Rural Village Area (RVA) vs. the Rural Area (RA). ................................................... 20 Table 6: Municipality of Bayham recycling/waste diversion by year .................................. 24 Table 7: Total Community Emissions Projections by Energy Type table. ......................... 34 Table 8 Water/Wastewater Treatment Emissions from 2011-2016 showing reduction in GHG emissions since 2014’s Municipality of Bayham Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan (EDCMP). ............................................................ 35 Table 9: Municipal Facilities Emissions from 2011-2016, showing reduction in GHG emissions since 2014’s (EDCMP). ................................................................... 36 Table 10: Municipality of Bayham annual streetlight electricity consumption and GHG emissions. ........................................................................................................ 37 Table 11: Corporate Water/Wastewater BAU and GHG Emissions Reduction by Energy type. ................................................................................................................. 38 Table 12: Corporate Facilities BAU and GHG Emissions Reduction Projections by Energy Type. ................................................................................................................ 39 Table 13: Corporate Fuel BAU and GHG Emissions Reduction by Fuel Type. ................ 40 Table 14: Bayham LAP Actions Timeframe and Status..................................................... 49 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham Executive Summary The Municipality of Bayham Municipal Energy Plan (MEP) and Local Action Plan (LAP) on GHG Emissions is a combined plan designed to help the community understand its energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The MEP preparation included stakeholder engagement, the gathering and analysis of baseline consumption data and energy mapping and the creation of a plan. The LAP preparation included developing a greenhouse gas inventory, setting emission reduction targets and outlining target sectors, goals and actions to reduce GHG emissions. The preparation process and deliverables for each plan overlapped and the plans complement each other and are combined into one comprehensive energy planning document for Bayham. Globally temperatures are rising and extreme weather events are occurring with greater intensity and more often. In order to fight against climate change countries around the world united in signing the Paris Climate Agreement in 2015, agreeing to strengthen the response to limit global average temperature rise to 2°C and to pursue efforts to limit the increase to 1.5°C by 2100. In order for Canada to meet its commitment action is necessary at all levels of government and importantly at the local level. The Federal and Provincial governments have focused significant policy effort on climate change, sustainability, renewable energy production and energy efficiency to fulfill this commitment. The Municipality uses several energy sources including electricity, natural gas and vehicle fuel. Consumption amounts were sourced from local service providers in order to understand the community’s energy use, establish an energy consumption baseline and calculate total GHG emissions totals. The Plan preparation process included stakeholder and community engagement to discuss Bayham’s energy use and recent topics and trends in various sectors of the community. The preparation of the MEP and LAP was designed around these consultations, extensive research and analysis of consumption data in a Baseline Energy Profile and GIS mapping. Bayham also contributes to renewable energy production in the form of wind turbine, solar and ethanol/bio-fuels. The total GHG emissions across all sectors in 2015 was 24,389 t CO2e. Reduction targets were determined through analysis of projection scenarios over the 10, 15 and 20 year timeframes. The community target is a 20% reduction in GHG emissions over 15 years to 2033. The corporate (or municipal) sector reduction target is 20% (or 2% per year) reduction in GHG emissions over 10 years to 2028. The MEP establishes a vision statement and goals while the LAP contributes actions to implement these goals. The MEP and LAP combine to establish Bayham’s current energy use; provides projection calculations and GHG emission reduction targets; and goals and actions designed to promote and encourage an energy efficient, thriving, cost-effective, and healthy green community. 1 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham 1 Introduction to Community Energy Planning 1.1 Community Energy Planning Overview The Municipality of Bayham Municipal Energy Plan (MEP) and Local Action Plan (LAP) are designed to help the Municipality understand its’ energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through a community energy planning process. They are comprehensive plans intended to support economic development, improve energy eff iciency, reduce GHG emissions and promote community sustainability solutions. The main components of the Plan are to establish baseline energy use profiles across different sectors of the community and prepare a local action plan for GHG reduction, actions and initiatives. Municipal staff initiated the Plan process in order to: • Demonstrate the progressive approach of Bayham regarding renewable energy production, energy conservation and GHG emission reductions • Promote economic growth in Bayham • Create baseline information of energy consumption and GHG emissions for use in public and private sector initiatives to reduce baseline numbers • Recommend possible implementation actions for each sector • Provide direction to private investors for development initiatives based on background energy and GHS data • Improve GHG emission awareness through the illustration and description of existing production and consumption patterns The MEP and LAP are combined into one document because of significant overlap in background research and baseline energy use information. 1.2 Municipal Energy Plan The Municipality of Bayham received funding from the Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change (MOECC) to complete a Municipal Energy Plan (MEP) in January 2017. The MEP Program is designed to help Ontario Municipalities understand and respond to their energy use. The MEP preparation requires stakeholder engagement, the gathering and analysis of baseline data, energy mapping and the creation of a plan. This document fulfills the requirements of the Ministry funding. 2 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham 1.3 Local Action Plan In September 2017, the Municipality of Bayham entered into an agreement for funding from the Green Municipal Fund, managed by the Federation of Canadian Municipalities, to complete this Local Action Plan (LAP). By adopting this document, the Municipality will become a partner with hundreds of communities across Canada in the Partners in Climate Protection Program. The LAP includes a greenhouse gas inventory and emission reduction targets. It will provide the community guidance on actions to reduce emissions. 1.4 Climate Change A changing global climate has become evident in recent decades and is attributed to human’s use of fossil-fuel energy resources. Temperatures have steadily increased and active weather events are becoming more frequent and extreme. Changing weather patterns are causing extreme local weather events such as heavy rains and prolonged droughts. Local actions are needed to mitigate and adapt to these climate changes. In order to mitigate and adapt, action is needed to reduce emissions and prepare for changes. The Federal, Provincial and local governments are addressing climate change by creating reports and policy documents aimed at reducing energy consumption and GHG emissions. Federal and Provincial strategies and reduction targets aim to mitigate and adapt to the effects of climate change including: • Federal Sustainable Development Strategy for Canada: 2016-2019 • Ontario’s Climate Change Strategy (2017); and • Ontario’s Five Year Action Plan 2016-2020. As part of Ontario’s efforts local municipalities, including Bayham, have prepared an Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan (ECDMP). This Plan includes detailed municipal facility energy use, GHG emissions, energy intensity and establishes reduction targets to 2020. The MEP and LAP are designed to complement this work by identify the broader emissions by economic sector and actions to reduce GHG emissions. 3 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham 2 Community Profile 2.1 Overview of the Municipality of Bayham The Municipality of Bayham was established in 1998 through the amalgamation of three separate municipalities formerly known as the Township of Bayham, the Village of Port Burwell, and the Village of Vienna. It occupies 248 km² (61,282 acres) of land on the north shore of Lake Erie at the east end of Elgin County. It is bordered by the Township of Malahide to the west, Norfolk County to the east and the Township of Southwest Oxford and the Town of Tillsonburg, in Oxford County to the north. The 2016 Census population was 7,396, an increase of 5.8% from the 2011 Census total of 6,989. Bayham comprises of three Villages – Port Burwell, Straffordville and Vienna - and five hamlets – Corinth, North Hall, Eden, Richmond, and Calton. The Municipality is home to a large agricultural community of fruit and vegetable producers and other businesses in manufacturing, tourism and business services. 2.2 Growth Forecasts The 2016 Census shows a population increase of 407 people or 5.8% from 2011. Assuming the population increases continue the forecasted population for the next census years would be: • 2021 - 7,825 persons • 2026 - 8,278 persons • 2031 - 8,758 persons Assuming an average of 2.5 persons per dwelling, this would require approximately 946 new dwelling units to accommodate 2,365 additional people to the year 2031. The increased population will increase future energy needs in Bayham. In January 2017 municipal staff presented to Council the findings from a Vacant Lot Inventory (VLI). The inventory reviewed lands within village and hamlet, settlement area boundaries that have lands available for development. The review found that approximately 1900 new dwelling units could be accommodated, with varying levels of municipal services (public and/or privately owned and operated water and sewer systems). The study found there is sufficient buildable land available in Bayham to accommodate forecasted growth to 2031. The growth analysis was based on 2011 Census population in Elgin County and Elgin County Official Plan projects growth of approximately 500 persons and 30 jobs in the Municipality to 2031. The 2016 Census statistics show higher than projected growth in Bayham. Regardless of the difference in projected growth from the County and 2016 Census population, Bayham has an adequate supply of developable land available to accommodate growth. 4 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham 2.3 Local Economy The local economy is based primarily on agricultural activities and there is a transition taking place to a more creative economy. There is employment in tourism, industry and various service sectors. Residents also commute regionally to Tillsonburg, Aylmer, St. Thomas and London for employment. In 2016 there were 3,360 people in the labour force working in a variety of occupations. In September 2014 the Municipality of Bayham released Municipality of Bayham: Economic Development Initiatives and Opportunities Plan. The strategic priorities and recommendations identified the following key components to maintain and promote economic success in Bayham: • Marketing and investment attraction efforts must improve and dovetail with Elgin County and other regional initiatives • Enhancements to Bayham’s quality of place experience are needed • Continued support for small business and entrepreneurs • More effort needs to be directed at investment readiness including a plan for future investment • Support and encourage a transition to value-added agriculture while improving traditional agricultural activities The preparation of this MEP and LAP is consistent with these economic development initiatives establishing another avenue for the community to: • Market itself and attract invest as a leader in energy and operating cost efficiency • Enhance the quality of place with more employment opportunities and a higher quality of life • Support small business through energy savings resources • Support the agricultural industry by reducing energy costs on the farm and encouraging the transition to value-added crop types Bayham’s economy is an important focus for the MEP and LAP due to increasing energy costs and climate change risks. Businesses will thrive in a low energy cost and high value community. 5 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham 3 Energy Policy Context 3.1 National Context The Government of Canada continues to foster climate change adaption measures. The Environment and Natural Resources department publishes resources for action on climate change. The Federal Sustainable Development Act, 2008 provides the legal framework for the Federal Sustainable Development Strategy for Canada: 2016-2019 (FSDS). This strategy for sustainable development planning and reporting, sets priorities, establishes goals and targets and identifies actions to achieve them. The strategy includes 13 Federal Sustainable Development Goals and Canada’s Second Biennial Report on Climate Change. Several the goals that align with the MEP and LAP include: • Effective action on climate change: creating a low carbon economy • Low-carbon government: government leading by example • Modern and resilient infrastructure: supports clean economic growth and social inclusion • Clean energy: access to affordable, reliable and sustainable energy • Safe and healthy communities: clean, sustainable communities that contribute to health and well-being Canada’s Second Biennial Report on Climate Change presents projections of greenhouse gas emissions in Canada from 2020 to 2030. It provides information on actions undertaken to address climate change, information to support developing countries and is presented every two years to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). At the Paris Climate Conference (2015) the majority of countries from around the world, including Canada, signed an agreement to address climate change. The intent of the agreement is to strengthen the response to limit global average temperature rise to 2°C and to pursue efforts to limit the increase to 1.5°C. The MEP and LAP align with federal initiatives to reduce the effects of global warming. 3.2 Provincial Context The Ontario government is a strong proponent of reducing GHG emissions and encouraging energy efficiency initiatives. The extensive renewable wind and solar energy production and the phase out of coal power production over the last decade has positioned Ontario to be a national and international leader in reducing global warming and climate change. 6 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham 3.2.1 Ontario’s Climate Change Strategy (2017) Ontario’s Climate Change Strategy identifies ways to address climate change. The strategy highlights five areas of transformation toward the goal of a high productivity low carbon economy and society. The highlights relating to the MEP and LAP are summarized as follows: • A Prosperous Low-Carbon Economy with World-Leading Innovation Science and Technology: Build Green Infrastructure – assistance to low carbon fuel distributors and upgrades to infrastructure, e.g. getting biofuel to households, electrical vehicle charging stations, support cycling and walking • Government Collaboration and Leadership: Carbon Neutral Government – reduce emissions and energy costs across government • Reducing GHG Emissions Across Key Sectors: Climate Change in Long Term Energy Plans • A Resource-Efficient High Productivity Society: Zero Emission Vehicles Actions, Create Incentive Programs – grants for energy audits and geothermal systems • Adaption and Risk Awareness: Climate Change and Agricultural Sector Initiatives Alignment The MEP and LAP are prepared using the Ontario Climate Change Strategy as a guiding document. The strategy is an important step toward a low carbon economy and society in Bayham. 3.2.2 Ontario’s Five Year Climate Change Action Plan 2016-2020 Ontario’s Five Year Climate Change Action Plan is aimed to reduce GHG emissions and fight climate change. It introduces key actions that will move the province further towards its emissions reduction targets and to ultimately realize the goals of Ontario’s Climate Change Strategy. The Plan targets reducing 1990 GHG emission levels by 15% in 2020; by 37% in 2030; and by 80% in 2050. 7 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham The Plan includes actions based on the following action areas and goals: • Transportation: Becoming a North American leader in low-carbon and zero-emission transportation; • Buildings and homes: Reduce emissions from fossil-fuel use in buildings; • Land Use Planning: Support low- carbon communities; • Industry and business: Keeping Ontario competitive: a strong centre of modern, clean manufacturing and jobs; • Collaboration with indigenous communities: Partner to reduce emissions and transition to a low-carbon economy; • Government: Move toward a carbon neutral public service; and, • Agriculture, forests and lands: Productive, sustainable, and a pathway to creating offsets. These action areas and goals inform the preparation of the MEP and LAP. The goals for the MEP and LAP and the actions in the LAP align with this Provincial policy. 3.3 Local Context Southwestern Ontario has emerged as a leader in renewable energy. There are many examples of progress toward sustainable energy production such as wind, solar and biogas development. There are several large renewable projects regionally, including Erie Shores Wind Farm and Integrated Grain Processors Cooperative Ethanol Inc. (IGPC) – Aylmer, ON. Municipalities have also prepared and adopted a number of MEP’s and LAP’s supporting a more sustainable region. “Ontario’s Five-Year Climate Change Action Plan sets us on the path forward. Together, we have an opportunity to lead a climate change movement that will transform our province – and ensure a healthy, prosperous and greener future.” Figure 1: Bayham wind turbines and potential fuel crops. 8 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham 3.3.1 Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan Bayham owns and operates a number of facilities across the community, from libraries to pumping stations. In order to monitor, analyze, publish and forecast energy consumption for these operations Bayham has developed an Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan (ECDMP), as required under the Green Energy Act. The Plan was implemented in 2015 and is based on operational energy consumption data, which has been tracked and analyzed annually since 2011. The information includes: total floor area; hours of operation; average flow (pumping stations for sanitary sewer); electricity consumed; natural gas consumed; consumption intensity; and energy intensity. The purpose of the ECDMP is to: educate staff and the public; implement energy efficiencies and best practices; and reduce energy consumption and its related environmental impact. Council established the following targets: • Reduce the greenhouse gas emissions (kg CO2e) of the Municipality by 10% prior to January 1, 2020 (2% per annum) • Reduce energy consumption (ekWh/yr) of the Municipality by an average of 0.5% per year by January 1, 2020 (total reduction of 2.5%) Four objectives of the ECDMP include: 1. Maximize fiscal resources and avoid cost increases through direct and indirect energy savings. 2. Reduce the environmental impact of the Municipality's operations. 3. Increase the comfort and safety of occupants of Municipal facilities. 4. Promote a culture of energy conservation within the Municipality and the community. The following actions were identified in order to achieve the objectives: • Integrate monitoring and assessments of all corporate energy use of the Municipality into the 2015 Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan. • Conduct facility audits on all Municipal facilities that consume energy. • Assess energy commodity procurement options. • Communicate a corporate commitment to sustainability and responsible energy use. Case Study - The Municipality’s 2015 LED Conversion Project Converted 460 streetlights from HIPS & MV roadway luminaires to LED fixtures. The project cost $264,586, with $66,159 in rebates from the Save On Energy program, and a payback period of 4.6 years. The annual streetlight electricity consumption reduced from 349,423 kWh in 2015 to 154,548 in 2016. 9 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham • Train staff and council on energy efficiency and sustainability. • Explore renewable energy generation opportunities in facilities that are energy use optimized. Bayham has made significant strides to reduce GHG emissions since 2015. Streetlights were converted to LED, there have been numerous facility improvements and a several surplus and aging facilities have been offloaded to achieve these results. Through GHG emissions calculations, the ECDMP provides significant insight into how local operations impact the environment. The reduction targets, purpose, objectives and actions have informed the preparation of this MEP and LAP. 3.3.2 Bayham’s Official Plan The Official Plan of the Municipality of Bayham (Official Plan) includes land use designations, policies and objectives to guide land development over the short, medium and long-term. It was approved in 2002, reviewed in 2012 and is currently under Five- Year Review to incorporate provincial planning changes since the last update and to align with community changes. The Official Plan includes policies on energy efficiency, renewable energy systems and large- and small-scale renewable and alternative energy systems. The policies on energy efficiency encourage innovative design and site layout for building form and size, density, lot and building orientation, and on-site landscaping. They recognize building and development certification programs that increase energy efficiency and decreased impact on the environment. Renewable energy policies support wind, solar and alternative energy projects of various scales and are reviewed subject to applicable criteria and background studies. Climate change is one of the items included in the current five-year Official Plan review. New policies on climate change include changing crop types and agricultural practices, identifying environmental and public risks. With policy changes, there is an opportunity to promote specific programs and initiatives such as tree planting, energy efficiency and active transportation to reduce GHG emissions. 10 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham 4 Municipality of Bayham Consumption and Production 4.1 Energy Consumption It is important to establish a broad understanding of how energy is consumed in the community in order to find ways to reduce energy use. Bayham’s homes and businesses consume electricity and fuel to use appliances, heat and cool buildings and to travel in vehicles. Most of the consumption is through electricity and natural gas consumption as detailed below. 4.1.1 Electricity The Provincial electrical network provides electrical power to Bayham, distributed by HydroOne, which one of the largest electricity transmission and distribution service providers in Canada. The Independent Energy Systems Operator (IESO) operates Ontario’s power system. In 2014 the Ontario government eliminated coal-fired electricity generation in order to reduce GHG emissions. HydroOne provided electricity consumption data for Bayham by sector – residential, commercial and industrial - for the years 2014 and 2015. There was a slight difference between the two years with approximately 860,000 KWh more consumed in 2014. There was a reduction in consumption in the residential and industrial sectors and a small increase in the commercial sector in 2015, as shown in Table 1. Further analysis of the data for 2015 is included in the Baseline Energy Profile (BEP) and Geographic Information System (GIS) maps in Section 4.3. 4.1.2 Natural Gas Natural Gas is used in Bayham residences and businesses as a heat source for furnaces, water heaters, appliances, fireplaces, etc. Natural Resources Gas Ltd. (NRGL) provided Bayham consumption data for 2015 and 2016. They have been providing natural gas to Bayham consumers since 2015. Table 1: Electricity consumption in Bayham 2015. 11 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham As shown in Table 2, there was a decrease in the total natural gas consumption of 312,764 cubic metres (3.6%) from 2015 to 2016. There were increases in the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors and declines in the farm and institutional sectors. Because the natural gas data included accounts from postal code areas crossing into neighbouring municipalities, the consumption data includes assumptions and analysis to match the municipal boundaries, as detailed in Appendix A. 4.1.3 Vehicle Fuel Private / Community Consumption According to the 2016 Census there were 2,705 personal vehicles traveling from a place of residence to work. The baseline consumption and emissions in the BEP were calculated assuming a work week of 5 days for 52 weeks (work year minus three weeks of vacation and holidays) at an average vehicle consumption of 11.9 L per 100 km (average from all personal vehicle models consumption in 2005 and 2016 models sourced from National Resources Canada). The Census provides a break down into five categories based on one-direction length of trip – less than 15 minutes, 15-29 minutes, etc. - from the residence to employment. The average driving speed was assumed to be the speed limit. Based on the above calculations the total kilometres driven in 2016 was estimated at 45.7 million, resulting in the production of an estimated 13,419 t CO2 GHG emissions. Consumption data is not available for personal trips. Municipal / Corporate Consumption The Municipality records the amount of fuel consumed by its fleet on a weekly basis. These vehicles provide vital functions such as snow plowing and park/facility maintenance. The total amount of diesel consumed in 2015 was 88,164 L resulting in an estimated 242 t CO2e of emissions and the total amount of gas consumed was 32,884 L and 80 t CO2e. The Municipality has sourced bulk fuel from the Local Authority Service (LAS). LAS provides consistent and predictable prices to Municipalities across Ontario through co-operative procurement efforts. The Municipality of Bayham has reduced operating costs by utilizing bulk fuel and other services from LAS since 2015. 4.2 Energy Production Bayham is a leader in the production of renewable energy production since the Erie Shores Wind Farm came into operation. There are a number of existing facilities in the region producing electricity and fuel for energy use as described below. Table 2: Natural gas consumption in Bayham 2015 12 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham 4.2.1 Wind Energy - Erie Shores Wind Farm Erie Shores Wind Farm opened in 2006 after two years of development. There are 66 turbines stretching along the north shore of Lake Erie between Copenhagen and Clear Creek, extending inland two to three kilometres. The energy generated by the turbines is collected and transported on 24 kilometres of underground cables and 28 kilometres of overhead collector lines. The voltage is increased at the Port Burwell substation and transmitted via a 30-kilometre transmission line to Hydro One’s grid near Tillsonburg, contributing to Ontario’s renewable energy supply. The 24 turbines in Bayham account for 36% of the Erie Shores turbines. The total production for baseline year 2015 was 66,175 MWh and in 2016 was 58,848 MWh. Ontario’s yearly wind turbine power output is 9.2 million MWh according to the Independent Electricity Systems Operator (IESO). Therefore, Bayham accounts for approximately 0.65% of the provinces wind power and supplying up to 8,200 households with electrical energy. 4.2.2 Solar Energy – AMBER Co-op, FIT Program The Aylmer, Malahide, Bayham, and Elgin Renewables (AMBER) Co-operative includes farmers and rural land-owners who are invested in a for-profit energy co- operative in Elgin County. It was created to help local farmers and interested groups with Provincial FIT program applications (see Section 4.4.7 for more information). The initial investment focus was on rooftop solar installations and operations with future developments directed at bio-fuels and hydro generation and large procurements. Rooftop space for solar panels is leased and financing is exclusively from its members. AMBER generates the electricity and manages the systems through a management group for the 20 year term of the contracts. Through the FIT program there are two solar rooftop and a biogas contracts in Bayham. The biogas and one of the solar projects were contracted through the AMBER co-op. 4.2.3 Ethanol / Bio-fuels Energy - IGPC Ethanol Inc. Established in 2007, Integrated Grain Processors Cooperative Ethanol Inc. (IPGC) is an ethanol producer located in the nearby town of Aylmer, ON. The plant is located approximately 10 km from the municipal limits of Bayham and produces denatured fuel grade ethanol and distillers grains (high protein feed supplement) from grade two corn. The plant is currently in the process of doubling its operations. The corn is locally sourced from a 150 km radius, including farms within Bayham. IGPC produced 100 million Litres (L) of ethanol and 170,000 Tonnes of distillers’ grains in 2016. Bayham makes up approximately 25% of the sourced corn and thereby AMBER’s goal is to foster growth in “community-based green energy generation in Ontario by engaging residents and investors in projects that offer financial, social and environmental returns.” 13 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham contributes 50,000,000 L of renewable ethanol fuel and 42,500 T of livestock feed. IGPC also produces their own power with a steam turbine generator and a natural gas fired internal combustion electric generator. 4.3 Baseline Energy Baseline Energy Studies (BLS) measure how and where energy is used within a municipality and analyzes opportunities for energy reduction. Consumption data was provided by the local natural gas and electricity providers. The BLS includes: • A profile of how energy is supplied and distributed in Bayham • Spatial analysis of energy consumption statistics in each sector to identify opportunities for energy conservation within each sector • Greenhouse Gas emissions resulting from energy consumption The data analysis process is outlined in Appendix A. 4.3.1 Baseline Energy Profile The Baseline Energy Profile (BEP) is integral to the development of the MEP and LAP. The BEP includes the consumption and emissions for a specific year to be used for comparison and monitoring and determining progress toward reduction targets. The 2015 baseline year was chosen because it had the most data available. The BEP is based on analysis and calculations of data collected from the following sources: • HydroOne – electricity consumption • Natural Resources Gas Limited – natural gas consumption • Transport Canada – vehicle emissions • Census Canada – population, number of households and employment travel • The Municipality of Bayham Energy and Demand Management Plan – municipal consumption The BEP chart, Table 3, comprises the energy consumption type and emission calculations that comprise the baseline energy year of 2015 based on sector. The consumption amounts are multiplied by an emissions factor (a representative value that relates the quantity of a greenhouse gas released to the atmosphere with an activity associated with the release of that greenhouse gas) in order to determine the amount of GHG emissions released. The total 2015 GHG emissions for Bayham was just over 24,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) being emitted. The transportation sector (vehicle fuel consumption) represents well over half of the total GHG emissions with 13,000 t CO2e. The second highest GHG emissions came from the residential sector with 6,007 t CO2e representing nearly a third of total emissions. Vehicle fuel and residential buildings are the key target sectors for reducing GHG emissions. 14 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham The Total Emissions section of the BEP breaks down the emissions by fuel type per capita and per household. The total emissions of 3.3 t CO2e per capita in Bayham is lower than the national average of 20.1 t CO2e per capita in 2015 (Environment and Natural Resources Canada). Ontario’s emissions in 2015 of 12.8 t CO2e per capita (calculated from Environment and Natural Resources Canada and Statistics Canada data). Overall, Bayham’s per capita emissions are well below the national and provincial levels. The lower amount could be attributed to many things, including a small industrial base compared to other parts of the country and province or factors in the dependability (data overlapping into neighbouring municipalities) and/or availability (personal vehicle trip fuel consumption) of the data. Regardless, the state of Bayham’s energy use is better than other places in Canada and Ontario. Another important aspect is Bayham’s local renewable energy production including wind turbines (more than 8,000 households supplied by Bayham turbines), solar power installations, and ethanol production (up to 50,000,000 L of renewable ethanol fuel and 42,500 T of livestock feed per year) that effectively offset GHG emissions. These offsets are not included in the BEP. Bayham is in a great position to be a leader in reducing GHG emissions and renewable energy production for years to come. 15 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham Table 3: Municipality of Bayham Baseline Energy Profile, 2015. 16 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham 4.3.2 GIS Mapping Geographic Information Systems (GIS) mapping combines data and analysis to produce maps that represent information geographically. The mapping illustrates characteristics of different areas in the municipality to tailor energy use and GHG emissions reduction initiatives to specific areas or sectors. Compared to other MEP mapping examples, the majority if not all were from geographically larger, more populated areas or densely populated city regions than Bayham’s low population and smaller area. After extensive analysis two maps were produced for Bayham based two distinct areas, the Rural Area (RA) and the Rural Village Area (RVA) based on natural gas and electricity consumption categories. The maps illustrate the percentage of the consumption and emissions for each sector in one of two areas in Bayham - the RA vs the RVA. These two areas are based on the postal code boundaries in Bayham, further data analysis information is included in Appendix A. The RA is based on areas on the north, east and west of Bayham and postal codes starting with N0J, N5H, N4G, and N5R. The RVA is based on data received for postal codes starting with N0J. The RVA area delineation became evident as it included all three villages in Bayham – Straffordville, Vienna and Port Burwell. This distinction was chosen as the best way to illustrate the differences in consumption and emissions by sector and as a way to understand the challenges for reduction of emissions in the two areas. 4.3.2.1 Electricity Mapping Table 4 shows electricity consumption and GHG emissions by sector for two separate years based on the RA and RVA areas. This information forms the Baseline 2015 - Electricity Consumption and GHG Emissions by Sector GIS map, Figure 1 below. The comparison showed that there was small difference between the two years and so the mapping focuses on 2015 to correspond with the BEP baseline year. Figure 2 shows consumption and GHG emissions by sector and the percentage of each for the RA and RVA. It is evident from the map that the electricity consumption in the RVA has a higher proportion of residential than the RA and conversely industrial and commercial make up a larger proportion of the RA. There are typically higher population densities in villages versus rural lands and more parcels of land for larger industrial and commercial uses in rural areas. Therefore, the mapping exercise for electricity consumption in Bayham supports the conclusion that energy efficiency and GHG emissions reduction initiatives for residential uses should be focused on RVA’s and industrial and commercial initiatives should be focused on RAs. 17 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham Table 4: Comparison of electricity consumption and GHG emissions in the Rural Village Area (RVA) vs. the Rural Area (RA). 18 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham Figure 2: Baseline 2015 - Electricity Consumption and GHG Emissions map. 19 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham 4.3.2.2 Natural Gas Mapping Table 5 shows natural gas consumption and GHG emissions by sector for two separate years based in the RA and RVA areas forming the basis of the Baseline 2015 – Natural Gas Consumption and GHG Emissions by Sector GIS map, Figure 2 below. The comparison shows there was a relatively small difference between the two years and so focusing on 2015 mapping is acceptable corresponding with the BEP baseline year. Figure 3 map shows consumption and GHG emissions by sector and the percentage of each for the RA and RVA. It is evident from the map that the natural gas consumption in the RVA has a higher proportion of residential and institutional uses than the RA. There is typically higher residential population densities in villages versus rural lands and more schools and churches in villages. Farms and residences make up most of the consumption in the RA. The commercial consumption in the RA more than doubled in 2016. Therefore, the mapping exercise for natural gas consumption in Bayham infers that agricultural initiatives should be the focus in RAs and residential and institutional intiatives should be the focus in the RVAs. The comparison table and GIS map for natural gas will be useful for future monitoring. Table 5: Comparison table for natural gas consumption and GHG emissions in the Rural Village Area (RVA) vs. the Rural Area (RA). 20 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham Figure 3: Baseline 2015 – Natural Gas Consumption and GHG Emissions map. 21 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham 4.4 Energy Topics and Trends In order to understand the challenges and opportunities related to reducing Bayham’s energy use significant research and stakeholder engagement was completed. The challenges and opportunities that were identified include the following topics and trends. 4.4.1 Agriculture Farming makes up a significant portion of the economy in Bayham and therefore is one of the main energy consumers and GHG emitters. Farmers are continually confronted with rising operation costs due to energy needs. New technologies are being introduced in order to improve efficiency and lower operating costs. For instance, tractors are now equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS) technology to work every square metre of the fields as efficiently as possible, reducing fuel consumption. The following opportunities need to be explored to reduce GHG emissions in farming operations: • Generating renewable electricity through wind, biogas, solar, etc. • Geothermal construction/installations - capturing energy from the ground and using it for heating and cooling • Growing energy crops that can be used to heat buildings or fuel vehicles • Saving energy by installing more efficient equipment and creating less energy waste The majority of farming in the area is for oilseed and grain farming crops, making up approximately 45% of the farms. Corn farming represents 30% of the oilseed and grain farming category, used for energy/ethanol. There are a number of resources available for farmers included on the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA) and Ontario Farmers Association to improve efficiency and reduce emissions. 4.4.2 Alternative Land Use Service (ALUS) ALUS Canada is a not-for-profit program funded by individuals, governments, foundations and corporations to invest in farm lands. A pilot project began in Bayham in 2012. In January of 2016, ALUS Bayham expanded to include the Municipalities of Malahide, Central Elgin, Southwold, Dutton-Dunwich and West Elgin to establish ALUS Elgin. ALUS Elgin partners with local Conservation Authority’s (Catfish Creek, Kettle Creek and Long Point) and other organizations in the region to develop projects and ideas that are best suited to the landowners’ needs and the priorities of Elgin County. “Through this program, we have an opportunity to respond to the dual crises of climate change and biodiversity loss by engaging those who own and manage most of the land in southern and eastern Ontario.” ALUS 22 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham ALUS is an incentive program that recognizes the role farmers play in a healthy environment as well as in producing food and creates incentive programs to conserve and restore natural features such as wetlands, creeks, shorelines, native grasses and trees, and unique ecosystems like tall grass prairie and oak savannah. The main aim in the region is to reduce sedimentation and phosphorus loading in rivers and lakes through gully and bank erosion mitigation. 4.4.3 Land Use Land use planning policies are an important way to address the effects of climate change, promote energy efficiency and reduce GHG emissions. The Official Plan directs development to settlement areas in order to create compact development, among other things reducing expensive and resource consuming expansion of water and sewer service delivery. It also encourages environmentally friendly design of buildings and streetscapes through opportunities such as Community Improvement Plan policies. Agriculture, resource protection and energy policies are included to ensure the long-term sustainability of the community and local ecosystems. 4.4.4 Transportation Bayham is a rural community that relies heavily on automobile transportation in resident’s daily lives. The rural nature of the community limits possibilities for introducing transportation/transit systems. The South Western Ontario Transportation Alliance (SWOTA) is a passenger rail and bus service expansion advocate looking to re-establish vital links for people that either do not have access to an automobile or prefer to take transit. The only potential connection that SWOTA has identified in the area is in neighbouring Tillsonburg. Bayham does not have the population density to establish a connection. Bayham staff and the Elgin and St. Thomas Public Health (ESTPH) are in the process of evaluating options for establishing a local transportation system, such as a ride-sharing network. Adding public electric vehicle charging stations is a way to encourage residents to buy electric vehicles and reduce GHG emissions. Tourism is important to the local economy. London, Kitchener-Waterloo, Brantford and the greater Toronto area are all in close proximity to Bayham for tourism attraction. Eco-conscious tourists would be motivated and enabled to travel to Bayham if there was a reliable charging station for their vehicles. Some municipalities are also transitioning vehicle fleets to electric or blended natural gas or bio-diesel, including installing fueling/charging stations at municipal facility locations. 4.4.5 Public Health – Active Transportation Elgin St. Thomas Public Health (EST PH) provides health care service and general health promotion programs in Bayham. Active Transportation is a constant topic of conversation of ways to improve public health outcomes. Promotion of walking and 23 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham cycling improves health and reduces fuel consumption and GHG emissions, further improving health with cleaner air and water. Transit is another opportunity to improve health and reduce GHG emissions. Bayham has a relatively small and dispersed population making it more challenging to establish a transit system which operates efficiently and services the needs of the population. Active transportation infrastructure is sometimes out of reach for persons lacking the ability to get to and from recreation facilities and activities. ESTPH and the Municipal administration are looking at ways to coordinate a ride-sharing system to provide transportation alternatives to the community. 4.4.6 Recycling/Waste Management The Municipality of Bayham, the Municipality of Central Elgin and the Township of Ma lahide Waste Management Master Plan Final Report (Report), which also includes a Waste Recycling Strategy (Strategy), was approved in October 2011 and covers a twenty-year period (2012-2032). The Municipalities provide residents with garbage collection/disposal, Blue Box collection/processing and limited collection/processing of organics, municipal household special waste and waste electrical and electronics equipment. The focus of the plan is to reduce the amount of waste directed to landfill and increase the amount of waste diverted to 40%. Most of the waste under the Municipalities’ control comes from the residential sector. The collection amounts in Bayham are included in Table 6. The Municipality has increased diversion rates since 2016, improving by three percentage points with an increase of collected recycling. In 2011 as outlined in the Report/Strategy Bayham’s total materials diverted from the waste stream was at 31%, including additional diversion not captured in Table 6. The Report/Strategy goal was a 40% diversion rate by January 1, 2016. In 2017 the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change identified an interim diversion goal of 30% by 2020 as part of the Strategy to Achieve a Circular Economy. The 2015 Curbside Waste Audit found that the diversion rate was at 39%. So Bayham is on track to meet or exceed diversion targets. Currently there is no green bin collection program in Bayham which represents an opportunity to collect organic waste from homes and businesses, diverting unnecessary waste from the landfill. Table 6: Municipality of Bayham recycling/waste diversion by year 24 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham 4.4.7 FIT and microFIT Program Ontario’s Feed-in Tariff (FIT) was launched in 2009 to encourage the development of renewable energy technology, attract investment and create new clean energy jobs in Ontario. The FIT program allows homeowners, communities, business owners and private developers to generate renewable energy and sell it to the province at a guaranteed price for a fixed contract term. The FIT program applies to the use of one or more forms of renewable energy, including: wind, water power, biomass and biogas, solar photovoltaic (PV) power and landfill gas. It is administered by the Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO) and is divided into two streams depending on the number of kilowatts of electricity that can be generated by a project. FIT 5 was the most recent version. The application portion of FIT 5 is complete and is adding 150 MW of renewable energy in the Province. This may be the last round of contracts under the FIT program as the Provincial Government has not announced any new FIT versions. 4.4.8 Cap and Trade Ontario launched a cap and trade program on January 1, 2017. It places a cap (or limit) on the amount of GHG emissions that Ontario’s homes and businesses can emit by incentivizing them to find innovations and make investments to lower emissions. Companies can trade (buy or sell) allowances. Credits become available for purchase from a company that reduced its greenhouse gas emissions and has surplus credits. The capital that is collected is reinvested into projects that reduce GHG pollution such as social housing retrofits, electric vehicle incentives and public transit. Job creation is expected in clean technologies for researchers, entrepreneurs and start-ups as a result of this reinvestment in energy conservation and GHG reductions. The expected impacts from the cap and trade program on the average Ontario home are likely an additional $13 per month to fuel a car and heat a home. It will not affect electricity costs as the power supply in Ontario is mostly carbon emissions free. The retail price of gasoline estimated to increase about 4.3 cents a litre and about 5 cents a litre for diesel in 2017. Cap and trade proceeds will be put into a new dedicated Greenhouse Gas Reduction Account. The funding will be used for projects and priorities identified in Ontario’s Five Year Climate Change Action Plan 2016-2020, including funding programs that: • lower the carbon emissions from transportation fuels • encourage uptake of electric vehicles • expand public transit Also under the Climate Change Action Plan, some of the proceeds from cap and trade will be invested in programs to help homeowners and businesses save money by improving energy-efficiency. Actions include to: • Improve efficiency in multi-residential buildings and public institutions • Widen low-carbon energy choices for homeowners 25 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham • Help consumers manage their energy use • Establish long-term greenhouse gas reduction targets in the Building Code • Introduce low-carbon content requirements for natural gas Cap and trade programs are an opportunity to increase investment in reducing GHG emissions in Bayham. 4.4.9 Energy Audits, Building Repairs and Redevelopment There are several programs available through the provincial government designed to help Ontarians improve energy performance of buildings and facilities. Energy audits are a way to better understand what improvements are possible and what the cost- benefit of improvements might be. Furthermore, some incentive programs based on community improvement plans are available to provide retrofit grants. Save on Energy The Save on Energy program provides energy audit funding incentives for buildings and facilities. It is offered through HydroOne and the IESO. The program offers audits to find cost savings through equipment upgrades or replacements, operational practices or other building system and envelope projects. There are several audit types such as electricity survey and analysis and detailed analysis of capital intensive modifications for up to 50% of audit costs. Bayham has utilized this program for recent upgrades at the Port Burwell Wastewater Treatment Plant. Green Ontario Fund The Green Ontario Fund helps Ontarians take action on climate change and is operated with proceeds from the cap and trade carbon market. It is a not-for-profit provincial agency tasked with reducing GHG pollution in buildings and industry to meet Ontario’s emission reduction targets. The program offers resources to take advantage of programs and rebates to reduce energy costs and fight climate change. The resources are separated Case Study - Port Burwell Wastewater Treatment Plant In 2017 the Port Burwell Wastewater Treatment Plant was upgraded and renovated. Energy use was reduced by approximately 50% as part of the Save on Energy program through HydroOne. The following energy conservation works were completed: Aeration Blowers – three new 20HP variable frequency drives (VFD) were installed on the existing 600V aeration blowers. Potential energy savings are anticipated as the VFD`s are fully programmable allowing for the dissolved oxygen levels in the treatment process to be consistently controlled at a value of 2.2 -2.5 mg/L. Sludge Digester Blowers and Sludge holding tank aspirating mixers – two new 10HP VFD`s were installed on the existing 600V sludge digestion blowers and four new 17.4HP VFD`s on the existing holding tank mixers. The programmable VFD`s along with new mass air flow metering and tank level transmitters allow for optimal dissolved oxygen levels as the height of the sludge varies within the digestion tanks. The upgrades and renovations target a reduction by half for these components. The Municipality is on track to reduce electricity consumption by 80,000 kWh per year. 26 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham into sections for homes, small business and organizations and may include installing smart thermostats, improved insulation and windows, and/or ground-source heat pumps (home geothermal). Elgincentives Elgin County offers an incentive program through Community Improvement Plans (CIPs) for the redevelopment and enhancement of urban design in settlement areas. The Elgincentives CIP provides financial assistance to businesses and property owners for repairs, restorations and redevelopment projects. The aim of the program is to improve the downtowns, waterfronts, agricultural and tourism areas in the lower-tier municipalities in the County. A CIP is a tool that enables municipalities to direct funds and implement policy initiatives in specific areas. Elgincentives provides an energy efficiency retrofit grant to improve the overall energy efficiency of a building for up to 25% of the costs to a maximum of $10,000. This type of funding is integral to enabling small business owners to improve facilities and save money on energy use while revitalizing downtown areas. 4.4.10 Local Renewable Energy Coordination Opportunities In order for Bayham to optimize GHG emission reduction efforts it is important to identify possible partnerships with local businesses in the renewable energy field. A few options for collaboration are detailed below. KBR Energies Kent Brothers Renewable Energies (KBRE) is a renewable energy generation company based out of Aylmer, ON, just west of the municipal limits of Bayham. Their primary focus has been to help interested parties, mostly farmers, through the FIT program and is under contract with AMBER Co-op to manage its FIT 2.0 projects. KBRE supported the CEP plan preparation by providing valuable input into the stakeholder engagement process. Erie Thames Powerlines Erie Thames Powerlines is a regional energy company representing the amalgamation of seven Public Utilities Commissions (PUCs) within the municipalities of Port Stanley, Aylmer, Belmont, Ingersoll, Thamesford, Otterville, Norwich, Burgessville, Beachville, Embro and Tavistock. It was launched in 2000 and has expanded across the region since, servicing more than 18,000 customers. In the long-term Erie-Thames could be involved in setting up a private community scale electricity grid or other large scale renewable projects. 27 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham 5 MEP Vision and Goals 5.1 Vision and Goals 5.1.1 MEP Vision Identifying key community priorities and what is intended to be achieved is captured in the MEP vision statement. The vision of the Municipality of Bayham Municipal Energy Plan is to: Attract and maintain businesses and enhance residents’ quality of life by using energy conservation and GHG emission reductions to create a cost-effective, high quality, healthy community. 5.1.2 MEP Goals The goals of the Municipality of Bayham MEP and LAP were informed by consultation and the establishment of the vision statement. The goals are as follows: Goal 1 Encourage residents and businesses to improve the energy efficiency of buildings in Bayham Goal 2 Promote and expand Bayham’s contribution to renewable energy production Goal 3 Provide leadership to the community by continuing to improve energy efficiency in municipal government operation and ensure planning policies promote sustainable development practices Goal 4 Support and encourage sustainable agricultural practices, the transition to more energy efficient farms, and adaptation of farm lands to address the risks of climate change Goal 5 Reduce personal vehicle transportation emissions Target Sectors Through the preparation of the MEP and LAP several important sectors of the community have been identified for action on energy efficiency and GHG emission reduction. These sectors include: agricultural; industrial, commercial and institutional (ICI); residential; municipal; and, transportation. The following paragraphs include target sectors and a brief description for each of the MEP goals. Supporting Materials The MEP goals are informed by the background research and guiding documents described in the previous sections of the Plan. Through the plan development process relevant goals, objectives, actions, etc. are incorporated and are outlined in each Goal section below. 28 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham Goal 1 Encourage residents and businesses to improve the energy efficiency of buildings in Bayham Target Sectors: Agricultural, ICI, Residential, Municipal Agricultural operations use a lot of energy for barns and other facilities as well as planting, harvesting and processing of crops. Although farmers are already well aware of energy/operating costs and work toward optimizing efficiency, agricultural facilities and land still hold immense potential for the installation of renewable energy infrastructure and energy efficiency initiatives. ICI businesses and institutional organizations can save money by reducing their energy use but they need to be encouraged and enabled to see significant community-wide reduction. Residential buildings are of key importance to reduce energy use and GHG emissions in Bayham. Residents need to be encouraged, enabled and educated in order to significantly reduce energy use community-wide. Municipal government can provide education and guidance to residents and businesses; provide leadership encourage energy efficiency efforts by example. Supporting Materials: Ontario’s Climate Change Strategy (2017) • Reducing GHG emissions across key sectors: climate change in long term energy plans • A resource efficient high productivity society: zero emission vehicle actions, create incentive programs Ontario’s Five Year Climate Change Action Plan 2016-2020 • Buildings and homes: reduce emissions from fossil-fuel use in buildings Provincial Cap and Trade – energy audit grants/funding • Help consumers manage their energy use Goal 2 Promote and expand Bayham’s contribution to renewable energy production Target Sectors: Agricultural, ICI, Residential, Municipal, Transportation Agricultural activity is the strength of Bayham’s economy and cultural identity. Wind turbines and solar panels currently produce renewable energy in Bayham and past efforts to install renewable capacity should be better recognized. Farms in the community need to continue to be a focus of renewable energy expansion. ICI businesses and organizations have an important role to identify and sponsor renewable energy projects. Businesses and organizations that invest in renewable energy should be recognized for their efforts. 29 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham Residential buildings consume a large portion of energy use and building stock in Bayham and the buildings provide opportunities for small-scale renewable energy installations. Municipal government, in coordination with Provincial agencies and Ministries, provide the authorization to install/construct renewable energy projects. In the past Bayham has supported large-scale wind energy production and policies are included in the Official Plan to guide development. Integrating solar, wind, and/or geothermal production at Municipal facilities and promoting the successes provides guidance to the public. Transportation fuels are a major source of GHG emissions and in order to reduce the impact from vehicular travel alternative fuel sources are needed. Electricity for electric vehicles and renewable ethanol fuel are already produced in Bayham. There is an opportunity to increase Bayham’s share by increasing agricultural production of corn, developing bio-diesel capacity and expansion of renewable electricity generating infrastructure – wind, solar, etc. Supporting Materials: Municipality of Bayham: Economic Development Initiatives and Opportunities Plan • Bayham’s quality of place experience enhanced by recognizing the community’s contribution to renewable energy Municipality of Bayham Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan • Explore renewable energy generation opportunities in facilities that are energy use optimized Goal 3 Provide leadership to the community by continuing to improve energy efficiency in municipal government operation and ensure land use planning policies promote sustainable, energy efficient development practices Target Sectors: Municipal Municipal efforts to reduce energy use in government operations needs to be recognized and continued in order to promote Bayham as an energy-conscious community and continue to foster community-wide reduction efforts. Land use planning policies help guide new development proposals to ensure a high-quality and energy- optimized building standard. The continued efforts of Council and staff are an example of leadership for the community and for potential residents and businesses to be encouraged to locate in Bayham. Reducing energy costs saves taxpayers money that can be used elsewhere, Figure 4: Bayham Waste Treatment Plant 30 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham such as community improvement efforts. Municipal sector progress can be communicated to business and organizations on how energy savings were achieved. Supporting Materials: Federal Sustainable Development Strategy for Canada: 2016-2019) • Promote a low-carbon government – government leading by example Ontario’s Climate Change Strategy (2017) • Government collaboration and leadership: carbon neutral government – reduce emissions and energy costs across government Ontario’s Five Year Climate Change Action Plan 2016-2020) • Land Use Planning: support low-carbon communities • Government: Move toward a carbon neutral public service Municipality of Bayham Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan • Maximize fiscal resources and avoid cost increases through direct and indirect energy savings • Reduce the environmental impact of the Municipality’s operations • Promote a culture of energy conservation within the Municipality and the community • Communicate a corporate commitment to sustainability and responsible energy Goal 4 Support and encourage sustainable agricultural practices, the transition to value-added agriculture, and adaptation of farm lands Target Sector(s): Agricultural, Municipal Agricultural activity is the strength of Bayham’s economy and cultural identity. Farms in the community need to be supported and strengthened in order to transition in an evolving market and changing climate. Agricultural lands comprise a significant portion of vulnerable natural hazard lands as well as renewable energy project potential. Municipal government can provide education and guidance to residents and businesses to raise awareness, encourage energy efficiency efforts and promote healthy and sustainable food production locally. Supporting Materials: Municipality of Bayham: Economic Development Initiatives and Opportunities Plan • Support and encourage a transition to value-added agriculture while improving traditional agricultural activities Ontario’s Climate Change Strategy (2017) 31 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham • Adaptation and risk awareness: climate change and agricultural sector initiatives alignment Ontario’s Five Year Climate Change Action Plan 2016-2020 • Agriculture, forests, and lands: Productive, sustainable, and a pathway to creating offsets Goal 5 Reduce vehicle transportation emissions Target Sectors: ICI, Residential, Municipal and Transportation ICI businesses and organizations require workers and volunteers to travel to and from their locations, generating energy consumption and GHG emissions in most cases based on vehicle fuel consumption. Businesses and organizations should promote ways for people to reduce dependence on non-renewable fuels and they should be recognized when their efforts achieve significant success. Residential Personal vehicle travel makes up a significant portion of fuel consumption and GHG emissions. People should be encouraged and enabled to locate nearer to employment and services, reducing reliance on business as usual fossil fuel combustion vehicles. New residential developments should include electric vehicle charging infrastructure. Municipal progress on reducing GHG emissions from the municipal vehicle fleet provides an example for the community and can reduce energy costs in the long term. Transportation consumption of vehicle fuels is a key contributor to GHG emissions. Encouraging businesses and residents to reduce travel and/or transition to alternative fuels is important to reduce Bayham’s GHG emissions. Supporting Materials: Federal Sustainable Development Strategy for Canada: 2016-2019 • Safe and healthy communities – clean sustainable communities that contribute to health and well-being Ontario’s Five Year Climate Change Action Plan 2016-2020 • Transportation: Becoming a North American leader in low-carbon and zero- emission transportation • Lower the carbon emissions from transportation fuels and encourage the uptake of electric vehicles (cap and trade) Figure 5: Electric Vehicle Charging Station 32 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham 6 Local Action Plan to Reduce GHG Emissions 6.1 Purpose The Local Action Plan (LAP) expands on the vision and goals of the MEP. It advances opportunities to evaluate and implement GHG emissions reduction goals from the MEP by establishing action items separated into target sectors – community and corporate. 6.2 Business Case The community of Bayham will benefit from reduced energy costs in several ways. Local Job Creation: By using renewable energy production methods, i.e. biogas, solar, biofuels, jobs are created to support new energy sources through the operation of technology, construction and labour-intensive in terms of direct employment. Support for Local Businesses: Dollars spent for energy saving renovation improvements will have a ripple effect: saving jobs and/or creating new jobs; supporting local businesses such as hardware, contractors, equipment, etc. Increased Community Investment: the municipal government will save through energy efficient operations. Reduced operation costs save money that can be spent on community improvements such as bicycle paths or on further energy efficiency measures. Improving and promoting active transportation will reduce the dependence of using automobiles which will reduce traffic congestion, provide lower GHG emissions, promote clean air, and healthier lifestyles. 6.3 Energy Projections and Reduction Targets – Community 6.3.1 Business as Usual - Community Business-as-Usual (BAU) is a term used to describe when projections are made without change to the existing situation. BAU calculations have been made, as shown in Table 7, based on per capita calculations from the BEP for electricity (0.31 t CO2e), natural gas (1.15 t CO2e) and vehicle fuel (1.85 t CO2e) emissions. The population of Bayham in the 2016 Census was 7 396 people up from 6 989 in the 2011 census representing a 5.8% increase, with approximately 7 311 people in 2015. The emissions projections shown in Table 7 are based on a continued 5.8% increase over five year periods (population increases in Bayham in five year increments consisted of 5.5% from 2001- 2006 and 3.9% from 2006-2011, so 5.8% assumed solid growth) over the 10, 15 and 20 timeframes beginning in 2018. The analysis includes assumptions based on BAU (no GHG emission reductions) 10% and 20% reduction in per capita emissions. If Bayham continues to use energy at the current rate per person the total emissions of the community will continue to rise, i.e. business-as-usual. The projected population 33 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham increase is 2,169 people from 2015 to 2038. That would result in an increase in consumption and emissions by energy type of: • Electricity consumed 15,534,000 kWh, GHG emissions produced 668 t CO2e; • Natural gas consumed 1,330,000 m3, GHG emissions produced 2,527 t CO2e; • Fuel consumed 1,632,322 L, GHG emissions produced 4,023 t CO2e; • Total GHG emissions 7,218 t CO2e. Compared to the 2015 total emissions of 24,161 t CO2e, the BAU case of 31,663 t CO2e to 2038 represents a 30% increase in emissions. Table 7: Total Community Emissions Projections by Energy Type table. 6.3.2 Reduction Target - Community Reducing community GHG emissions by 20% to 2033 would eliminate 4,878 t CO2e. The GHG emissions from the 2015 BEP and reduction of GHG emissions by 20% by sector and total are as follows: Electricity: • Total GHG emissions = 2,271 t CO2e • 20% reduction = 1,817 t CO2e Natural Gas: • Total GHG emissions = 8,375 t CO2e • 20% reduction = 6,700 t CO2e 34 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham Fuel: • Total GHG emissions 13,743 t CO2e • 20 % reduction = 10,994 t CO2e Total: • Total GHG emissions 24,389 t CO2e • 20% reduction = 19,511 t CO2e • Total reduction = 4,878 t CO2e By decreasing emissions by 20% over 15 years the Municipality significantly reduces GHG emissions and significantly reduces energy costs for the community. The Municipality intends to revisit the reduction targets at minimum five years from adoption of the LAP. 6.4 Energy Projections and Reduction Targets - Corporate 6.4.1 Water/Wastewater Treatment Operations The Municipality manages a number of wastewater treatment facilities. The Port Burwell Wastewater Treatment Plant is the largest consumer of energy along with a system of pumps to send the wastewater to the wastewater plant. The Centre Street Booster Pump and Richmond Road Pump maintain pressure in the water systems. Table 8 shows emission volumes for the diversion of wastewater based on consumption and emissions tracking in the ECDMP since 2011. There has been a noticeable reduction in consumption since 2015 across operations, largely due to renovations and upgrades at the Wastewater Plant but evident in the other operations. The reduction coincides with Table 8 Water/Wastewater Treatment Emissions from 2011-2016 showing reduction in GHG emissions since 2014’s Municipality of Bayham Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan (EDCMP). 35 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham the introduction of the ECDMP. In order to illustrate the recent reduction, Table 8 includes calculations for average emissions from 2011-2014 and 2015-2016 and the difference between the two averages. The results show that only the Richmond Road Pump emitted slightly more emissions since 2015 and the rest of the operations show marked reduction in emissions. 6.4.2 Municipal Building Operations The ECDMP includes consumption and emissions information on municipal facilities from 2011 to 2016. Each buildings/facilities hours of operation, electricity consumption and natural gas consumption are shown for each year along with calculations of emissions and electricity intensity. Table 9 shows the emissions for each facility as calculated in the ECDMP. The table is divided into two sections, the municipal facilities and four facilities that were recently removed from municipal ownership for various reasons. The facilities with the most consumption and resultant GHG emissions are the public works garage, Straffordville and Eden Community Centres and the two fire Table 9: Municipal Facilities Emissions from 2011-2016, showing reduction in GHG emissions since 2014’s (EDCMP). 36 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham stations. Reduction efforts should focus on exploring ways to reduce consumption in these five operations. The municipal office operations have been moved to the Straffordville Community Centre building in January 2017. The Council Chambers and conference rooms are also located in the same building. As a result the Municipal Office will no longer be included in the municipality’s energy use numbers in the ECDMP, transitioning energy use to the new location. The Edison Museum, Bayham Fire Station and Port Burwell Public Works facilities have also been dispositioned. Combined the removal of these facilities will result in reduction of at least 10,000 kg CO2e per annum. 6.4.3 Streetlight Energy Usage There are 460 streetlight fixtures in operation across the Municipality. The Municipality’s 2015 LED Conversion Project converted 460 streetlights to LED fixtures. The annual streetlight electricity consumption reduced from 349,423 kWh in 2015 to 154,548 kWh in 2016. The consumption amounts from 2014 to 2017 are shown in Table 10. Significant electricity and maintenance costs have been realized, with consumption decreasing by more than half since the LED conversion. 6.4.4 Recycling/Solid Waste The Municipality does not currently track solid waste production for operations. Establishing an inventory of solid waste has been included in Action Section 3.1 for monitoring of and reducing solid waste amounts and GHG Emissions in Municipal operations. 6.4.5 Business as Usual and GHG Emissions Reduction Projections – Corporate BAU and GHG emission reduction calculations have been made based on data from the ECDMP and fuel consumption provided by the Municipality. The calculations have been divided into three sectors of Corporate/Municipal operations, including Water/Wastewater, Buildings and Fuel. Since the ECDMP was adopted the Municipality has made significant progress in reducing GHG emissions by replacing streetlights with LED light fixtures, upgrading the Water Treatment Plant and through disposition and Figure 6: Bayham Fire Station No. 1, Port Burwell. Table 10: Municipality of Bayham annual streetlight electricity consumption and GHG emissions. 37 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham consolidation of properties. Unlike the Community BAU calculations in Table 7, the Corporate BAU and GHG emission reduction targets have been projected by annual decreases for each sector. Municipal operations do not change proportionally to population changes. GHG emission reductions have been calculated based on 1%, 2% and 3% annual increments over 10, 15 and 20 timeframes based on 2016 data, beginning in 2018. Consumption data from 2016 has been used as the baseline BAU value reflecting successful reduction in wastewater treatment and reorganization of fire services facilities and consolidation/disposition of several other facilities. Based on the recent GHG emission reductions streetlight energy usage has been omitted, to be revisited in subsequent updates to the Plan. 6.4.5.1 Water/Wastewater Treatment Operations Water and Wastewater treatment operations consumed 586,167 kWh of electricity in 2016, producing 25,205 kg CO2e GHG emissions. Furthermore, the operations consumed 2,126 m3 of natural gas producing 4,037 kg CO2e in GHG emissions. The projected Corporate GHG emissions for electricity, natural gas and in total are shown in Table 11. Table 11: Corporate Water/Wastewater BAU and GHG Emissions Reduction by Energy type. 38 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham 6.4.5.2 Municipal Building Operations Municipal building operations consumed 267,942 kWh of electricity in 2016, producing 11,521 kg CO2e GHG emissions. Furthermore, the operations consumed 52,678 m3 of natural gas producing 100,035 kg CO2e in GHG emissions. Approximately ¾ of the electricity and ¼ of the natural gas consumed at the former municipal office were added to account for the relocation of staff and Council chambers to the Straffordville Community Centre, bringing the estimated total to 11,500 kg CO2e and 100,000 CO2e respectively. The projected Corporate GHG emissions for electricity, natural gas and in total are shown in Table12. 6.4.5.3 Municipal Fuel Consumption Municipal vehicle fleet operations consumed 29,835 L of gasoline in 2016, producing 73,394 kg CO2e GHG emissions. Furthermore, the operations consumed 63,158 L of diesel fuel, producing 173,684 kg CO2e in GHG emissions. The projected Corporate GHG emissions for gasoline, diesel and in total are shown in Table 13. Table 12: Corporate Facilities BAU and GHG Emissions Reduction Projections by Energy Type. 39 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham Table 13: Corporate Fuel BAU and GHG Emissions Reduction by Fuel Type. 6.4.6 Reduction Target – Corporate The Municipality’s reduction targets from the ECDMP for the time period 2015 to 2020 were to: • reduce GHG emissions by 2% per year for a total of 10% in five years; and, • reduce energy consumption by an average of 0.5% per year for a total of 2.5%. Continuing the reduction target of 2% per year in the water/wastewater, building/facility operations and fuel sectors over 10 years would accomplish significant progress in reducing GHG emissions in a reasonable and attainable timeframe. Based on a reduction of 2% per year for the next ten years in Tables 11-13, each sector is projected to reduce emissions from 2016 by 21.5% for a total reduction of 83,491 kg CO2e in GHG emissions. The target for the corporate sector is 20% GHG emission reduction over 10 years, to 2028. 6.5 Goals and Actions The Goals and Actions section provides the framework for GHG emission reduction to reduce Bayham’s per capita GHG emissions by 20% over the next 15 years to 2033 and Corporate GHG emission reduction targets of 20% over 10 years to 2028. The following sections are divided into each of the five goals identified in the MEP Goals 40 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham Section 5.1. Actions and opportunities and constraints are outlined separately for each goal. 6.5.1 Actions Goal 1 Encourage residents and businesses to improve the energy efficiency in Bayham Action 1.1 Retain existing businesses and attract new businesses • Coordinate with local businesses and organizations to establish and market energy efficiency initiatives o Create promotional resources for businesses o Educate businesses and institutions on the opportunities and benefits of Cap and Trade • Establish an incentive program for businesses to install renewable energy or energy efficiency upgrades o Encourage the installation of alternative energy technologies such as solar and geothermal Action 1.2 Promote community-wide education on the benefits of energy efficiency and GHG emissions reduction • Educate existing and encourage future/new residents and businesses on energy efficiency and GHG emission reduction o Provide energy efficiency information to homeowners and businesses by adding resources to the Municipality of Bayham website o Ensure citizens are aware of the potential cost savings and health benefits to being energy efficient and reducing GHG emissions • Promote the business case for GHG emission reduction o Local job creation in renewable energy and construction o Support for local businesses and increased community investment o Work with SCOR to collaborate on distributing/publishing information to the business community Action 1.3 Improve energy efficiency of buildings • Incentivize residents and businesses to audit and upgrade existing buildings o Explore ways to fund incentive programs • Establish an incentive program for residential homes to install renewable energy or energy efficiency upgrades 41 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham o Encourage the installation of alternative energy technologies such as solar and geothermal • Incorporate energy efficiency measures into new buildings Action 1.4 Improve energy efficiency in Municipal Buildings • Audit and retrofit/update existing buildings o Explore options to improve buildings - improve insulation, ensure doors and windows are adequately sealed • Reduce energy use in Municipal Buildings o Maximize sunlight heat entering during winter months to decrease heat energy consumption and minimize sunlight in summer months to reduce air conditioning energy use, explore window finishing options o Install sensor lights, audit light fixtures and convert to LED, etc. Action 1.5 Increase waste diversion and use waste as an energy resource • Develop a residential green bin program to divert organic waste from landfills o Explore opportunities to use organic waste in bio-diesel production o Support initiatives that reduce the amount of household and business waste Opportunities and Constraints Save on Energy, Green Ontario Fund and Elgincentives: energy audits, retrofit funding, installing smart thermostats, improved insulation and windows, ground source heat pumps. Some areas of the community have limited internet availability and some residents lack the computer skills to access online resources. Goal 2 Promote and expand Bayham’s contribution to renewable energy production Action 2.1 Promote local renewable energy production to entice environment and cost- savings conscious businesses to locate in Bayham • Produce a renewable energy production tracking resource on the Municipality of Bayham Website o Collaborate with SCOR and other agencies to promote Bayham’s contribution to renewable energy production Action 2.2 Install solar panels on Municipal buildings or lots • Produce energy for Municipal building operations, reducing operation costs 42 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham • Locate solar panels in a prominent location to visually promote solar power installation Action 2.3 Promote Bayham’s contribution to renewable energy production • Advertise educational awareness resources on the Municipality of Bayham website, at the Municipal Office in Straffordville, community centres and at community events • Use organic waste as an energy resource o Explore opportunities to use organic waste in bio-diesel/gas production • Support the development of a bio-diesel production facility o Any such facility would require at least 500 cattle in close proximity to the production due to challenges of transportation of manure. o Logistically possible on the west/central side of Bayham with coordination between farmers, investors and the Municipality of Malahide Opportunities and Constraints Low population size limits ability to secure independent funding for incentive programs, search for regional collaboration opportunities. Provincial procurement programs FIT/MicroFIT appears to be coming to an end. Large-scale wind turbine procurement projects were not expanded. Installing renewable energy generation at Municipal facilities requires up-front investment costs. Goal 3 Provide leadership to the community by continuing to improve energy efficiency in municipal government operation and ensure planning policies promote sustainable development practices Action 3.1 Create a carbon-neutral government • Reduce GHG emissions and energy costs across government o Continue to progress with energy efficiency and GHG emission reduction efforts as included in the Municipality of Bayham Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan o Initiate a Corporate solid waste inventory program to monitor and subsequently reduce solid waste produced in Municipal operations Action 3.2 Install renewable/zero emission infrastructure for Municipal Operations • Explore renewable energy generation opportunities for facilities o Geothermal or ground-source heat pump 43 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham Action 3.2 Ensure development policies promote a high standard of construction • Review land use planning policies and regulations to ensure sustainable development practices are promoted o Official Plan includes policies on energy, climate change, community design and development pre-application meetings and complete applications • Establish design standards for new land development projects that encourage sustainable development by building to a high standard of construction • Incentivize building low to zero emission homes and subdivisions Opportunities and Constraints Installing renewable energy generation at Municipal facilities requires up-front investment costs. Land use planning policies are currently being updated and the existing versions already encourages compact complete communities, encouraging sustainable development. Goal 4 Support and encourage sustainable agricultural practices, the transition to more energy efficient farms, and adaptation of farm lands to address the risks of climate change Action 4.1 Improve energy efficiency of farms • Develop energy retrofit incentives for farm buildings o Explore options to incentivize facility upgrades • Provide energy efficiency information to farmers o Post energy efficiency resources on the Municipality of Bayham website • Enable local energy champions for farmers to contact for information o Explore opportunities to collaborate with Elgin Farmers Association, Ontario Federation of Agriculture and OMAFRA Action 4.2 Encourage and incentivize farms to install renewable energy systems • Explore options to incentivize installation of renewable energy infrastructure o Small-scale wind, solar, bio-gas opportunities o Collaborate with local renewable energy companies and co-ops – KBRE and AMBER Co-op • Promote carbon sequestration development on agricultural land o Encourage local farmers to consider collaboration on establishing a local bio-diesel production facility 44 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham o Collaborate with local renewable energy companies and co-ops – KBRE and AMBER Co-op Action 4.3 Encourage agricultural practices that help to reduce GHG emissions and adapt to the risks of climate change • Grow more crops for energy production o Encourage local farmers to collaborate with IPGC for expansion of corn/ethanol renewable energy production – IPGC is currently doubling production capacity • Promote and expand sustainable farming and ecosystems initiatives o Include resources on Municipality of Bayham website Action 4.4 Develop a community vegetable garden • Encourage sustainable agricultural practices o Ensure the design of the garden connects to local food production and sustainable farming practices o Include low to zero offsite water usage by installing rain barrels or similar o Explore opportunities to integrate with upcoming stormwater management and retention construction design for Port Burwell • Promote/educate healthy eating and reducing food waste o Improve community health and wellbeing o Reduce food transportation fuel use o Develop a composting program for Municipal staff Opportunities and Constraints Low population size limits ability to secure independent funding for incentive programs, search for regional collaboration opportunities. Volunteers or funding for employees for information programs necessary. Provincial procurement programs FIT/MicroFIT appears to be coming to an end. Large- scale wind turbine procurement projects were not expanded. Community garden coordination with groups such as Elgin Farmers, Port Burwell- Bayham Horticultural Society, youth/church groups or schools could reduce operating cost and help promote the project. 45 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham Goal 5 Reduce vehicle transportation emissions Action 5.1 Install public electric vehicle charging station(s) locations • Encourage locals to purchase electric vehicles o New homes should include electric charging capabilities in the garage or in close proximity to the driveway/parking • Increase tourism by marketing availability of public electric charging stations o Proximity to the Greater Toronto Area, London, Waterloo Region and Brantford presents the opportunity to market Bayham as a more viable destination for environment-conscious tourists Action 5.2 Expand active transportation opportunities • Expand and improve walking and cycling routes in and around settlement areas to encourage active transportation Action 5.3 Improve rural transportation options • Incentivize businesses and institutions to create or improve carpool/active transportation options o Incentivize businesses to support cyclists by installing secure bike parking and shower facilities o Recognize/promote businesses and institutions that initiate carpooling • Explore opportunities to create an alternative to personal vehicle travel such as a ride-sharing program o Move people around Bayham more efficiently and reduce GHG emissions o Encourage community interaction and get people to and from active transportation destinations to improve accessibility and health Action 5.4 Reduce Municipal fuel consumption • Examine ways to reduce trip lengths, improve vehicle efficiency and invest in energy low to zero GHG emission vehicles • Monitor large vehicle hybrid, compressed natural gas, electric and bio-diesel technology and price developments o Oxford County pilot compressed natural gas snow plow example Opportunities and Constraints With Bayham’s population being dispersed rurally, ride-sharing initiatives need to be as inclusive and accessible as possible. Significant funding is required for implementing these actions. 46 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham Active transportation investments encourage residents to improve their health and presents significant opportunity to reduce GHG emissions by reducing vehicle trips. Municipal fleet vehicle replacement/upgrades to lower GHG emission models requires signif icant investment. 6.5.2 Actions Timeframe and Status In order to monitor the progress of the above actions, an Actions Timeframe and Status Table has been created and included below as Table 14. The table lists the goals and actions and includes columns for additional information on each action to be updated as more information is available, including: • Timeframe – Immediate (1-2 years), Medium (3-7 years), Long (8-20 years) • Status – what if any actions are underway • Resources / Supporting Agencies – groups or agencies identified as possible support through the research and stakeholder engagement process • Cost – costs will be incorporated through the Operating and Capital budget processes to ensure accurate costing • Funding / Grants – potential sources for funding or grants 47 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham 48 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham Table 14: Bayham LAP Actions Timeframe and Status. 49 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham 7 Implementation Strategy The implementation strategy provides direction for both the MEP and the LAP to initiate and achieve the actions described in Section 6 above. The strategy will be integrated into the policies and administrative actions to make energy conservation and GHG reductions normal day to day activities in the municipality. The following are key components of the implementation strategy. 7.1 Community Based Strategic Plan 2018 A key component of the community based strategic plan will be the Municipal Energy Plan and the Local Action Plan. The Municipality is undertaking a community based strategic plan in 2018. It will provide residents, business, council and staff with direction to enhance business opportunity, improve community quality of life and improve the natural environment. By including the two Planning initiatives, it will maintain a focus on energy conservation and GHG emission reductions going forward. 7.2 Administrative Responsibility Effective implementation of the MEP and LAP requires clear assignment of roles and responsibility across the municipal administration. Responsibility for overall implementation of the Plans will be assigned to the CAO. Through the CAO’s annual review, targets and outcomes related to the two plans will be discussed with Council. Responsibility for specific projects and initiatives will be assigned to appropriate senior staff reporting directly to the CAO. This action will ensure greater accountability for implementing the Plans. 7.3 Capital Budget Criteria An effective approach to change energy consumption and GHG emissions is to establish criteria in the procurement process that measures these items. Through the 10 year capital budget and operating budgets, Council and staff make choices about the impact of the capital and operating purchases. To implement these actions, the budgeting and procurement process will be revised include criteria for energy conservation and GHG emissions. Where there are measureable criteria comparing the differences energy consumption and emissions Council can make informed decisions. Council will lead change by example through their decisions on 10 year capital budgets and operating budgets. 7.4 MEP and LAP Review The Municipality will review and update the MEP and LAP in 2020, being five years from the baseline energy consumption data. This will provide a measure of success and achievement for the goals and objectives of the Plans. It will also provide an opportunity to revisit\adjust goals and\or actions related to the Plans. At the same time the Energy Conservation and Demand Management Plan (ECDMP) will continue to 50 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham track and review municipal energy consumption annually. This monitoring will be expanded to track other energy consumption\GHG emission data in the community. 7.5 MEP and LAP Communication Strategy A key element in the implementation process is communicating the purpose and intent of the plans to the community and business. The effect of good communication is to change attitudes, increase investment in energy conservation and GHG emissions, effectively making these actions part of every day activities. The communication must be to and from the public as part of the evaluation process for the Plans. All sectors of the community are encouraged to comment on either of the two plans. The municipality will adopt a consultation strategy to engage key groups in working towards a sustainable energy future. This may include annual communication updates, public participation in workshops or discussion groups raising the awareness of the Plans. The MEP and LAP will be posted on the Municipal website (www.bayham.on.ca) and available in hard copy at the municipal offices and all Bayham branches of the Elgin County libraries. The public is invited to contact the Municipality to comment on the plan, actions by Council or their own initiatives to reduce energy consumption or GHG emissions. Communication may be by mail, e-mail, or call: Municipality of Bayham 56169 Heritage Line Straffordville ON N0J 1Y0 Phone: 519-866-5521 E-mail: bayham@bayham.on.ca 51 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham Appendix A - Data Analysis Process Electricity Consumption – HydroOne HydroOne, the regional electricity provider, contributed electricity consumption data for both 2014 and 2015. The amount of electricity consumed in Kilowatt hours (kWh) for commercial, industrial and residential sectors by postal code was provided. The postal codes were N0J 1H0, N0J 1T0, N0J 1Y0, N0J 1Z0, N0L 1C0, N4G 4G7, N4G 4G8, N4G 4G9, N5H 2R1, N5H 2R3, and N5H 2R5. From a review of a GIS postal code boundary file and google maps searches, it was evident that the data received by postal code overlapped into neighbouring jurisdictions. Postal codes N0L 1C0 and N4G 4G7 were omitted because they are not located within Bayham. In order to extract the relevant consumption totals specifically for Bayham a percentage was estimated. The estimation was based on an aerial photo survey of approximate settlement area density in each postal code area. For instance, postal code area N4G 4G9 included lands in the northeast area of Bayham and in Norfolk County. On the Norfolk County side are a section of lands abutting the southern boundary of Tillsonburg; and lands farther south, roughly west of County Road 30 from Vanderhoeven Side Road to 1st Concession Road and west to the Bayham-Norfolk boundary. Bayham lands east of these lands made up approximately 45% of the built-up areas within the boundary, so a percentage of the electricity consumed for each sector was included in the Baseline Energy Profile. The consumption totals were then divided into Rural Area (RA) and Rural Village Area (RVA) for the GIS maps. A copy of the received data and calculated totals and percentages for Bayham is available for review from the Municipal Officies(titled HydroOne-kWh-2014-2015_RevisedPercentage.pdf). Natural Gas Consumption – Natural Resources Gas Ltd. (NRGL) NRGL, the regional natural gas distributor, contributed natural gas consumption data for both 2015 and 2016. The consumption data was received with account information based on postal code. A desktop survey was conducted to identify buildings based on sector - industrial, commercial, institutional and (larger) farms – and were mapped/digitized in GIS. The total of each sector per postal code, within Bayham’s boundaries, were determined. As with the HydroOne data, the postal code data overlapped the municipal boundaries, except for forward sortation area (first 3 characters of the postal code) N0J where all the records were included because the vast majority is within Bayham (and consists of the Rural Village Area (RVA) on the GIS maps). Further analysis and assumptions were necessary of the other forward sortation areas (N4G, N5H and N0L). The data was 52 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham sorted by consumption volume, including business/institution name and by the number of houses identified in recent aerial photography. The larger consumers were assumed to be either large farms or industrial, commercial or institutional buildings. Residential totals were assumed based on the number of houses identified from a range of low to medium consumption totals within the postal code area. Not all buildings in Bayham use natural gas for heating and air conditioning. This was evident, and accounted for in the assumptions, from: the total number of accounts; the differences in number of accounts within each postal code; and from 2016 census data for the total number of households in Bayham. For instance, there were 17 potential large consumers identified from the aerial photography in the N4G forward sortation area, however, there were only 9 substantial natural gas accounts with large consumption totals. Also 192 houses were identified but there were only 91 similar records in the received account data. It was assumed that there were several large consumers and half the houses that did not source heat (or air conditioning) from natural gas, but some other fuel source such as furnace oil. The finalized data was incorporated into the Baseline Energy Profile and GIS mapping data included in the Plan. 53 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham Appendix B - Summary of Stakeholder Engagement Stakeholder Meeting #1 – March 23, 2017 Representatives from the Elgin St. Thomas Public Health (ESTPH) and South Central Ontario Region economic development corporation (SCOR) and Municipal staff attended a stakeholder meeting held at the Bayham Municipal office in Straffordville on March 23, 2017. The discussion opened with the consultant, IBI Group, providing an overview of: the Municipal Energy Plan and Local Action Plan projects; provincial and national context; and several important issues - energy efficiency, GHG emission reduction and the business case. The second part of the meeting included each attendees role in the community and their thoughts on initiatives, programs, etc. that came to mind during our introduction to the project. Kimberly Earls (SCOR) described her organizations role in business retention and attraction at the regional and local level. SCOR has been working with various agencies on resource management and sustainability, not directly related to energy and GHG emission reduction. Andrew Powell (ESTPH) provided an overview of ESTPH’s role in the community, upcoming health policy updates, safe drinking water and their focus on active transportation. A general discussion on relevant topics related to energy efficiency and GHG emission reductions followed. It was identified that Bayham has already been active in wind and solar installations, Energy Demand and Management initiatives - through building retrofits, streetlight LED replacement, reduction targets and the new energy efficient municipal office and recreation centre building. Other topics identified for further research included FIT/microFIT program (provincial funding primarily for solar on farms financing), Integrated Grain Processors Co-op (IPGC) ethanol plant and farming efficiency measures. Public Open House – March 23, 2017 The Municipality of Bayham, through their consultant IBI Group, hosted a Public Open House to present background information on the MEP, to answer community members’ questions and receive feedback to inform the preparation of the MEP. Display boards were presented for information purposes and to encourage discussion between attendees and project staff. We welcomed approximately 30 community members and there was plenty of discussion between community members, project and municipal staff, the Mayor and Councillors. 54 IBI GROUP MUNICIPAL ENERGY PLAN AND LOCAL ACTION PLAN Prepared for the Municipality of Bayham Stakeholder Meeting #2 – June 15, 2017 Representatives from SCOR, ESTHU, Erie Shores Wind Farm, ETBO Tool and Die, ALUS Canada/Long Point Region Conservation Authority (LPRCA), Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA) and Municipal staff attended a stakeholder meeting held at the Bayham Municipal office in Straffordville on June 15, 2017. The discussion opened with the consultant, IBI Group, providing an overview of: the Municipal Energy Plan and Local Action Plan projects; provincial and national context; and several important issues - energy efficiency, GHG emission reduction and the business case. The discussion then proceeded to a discussion of the following topics identified in previous consultation and research: ALUS; AMBER renewable energy co-op; FIT/microFIT; Southwestern Ontario Transit Alliance (SWOTA); IPGC; farming practices; etc. The group was presented with a draft Baseline Energy Profile data table to familiarize them and discuss the approach to present, analyze and incorporate the data into the energy plan preparation. It was identified that there is an opportunity to focus emissions reduction at a per-household level. Separating farming consumption into a separate sector was suggested. The final portion of the meeting included a brainstorming session led by the consultant, IBI Group, to examine possibilities for the vision statement, goals and objectives. The process included: providing a brief overview of the functions of vision statements, goals and objectives; providing examples from existing energy plans; allowing the attendee’s time to think about and write down their comments and key words/terms; and presenting their thoughts to the group and recording them on the poster boards to incorporate into the plan preparation process. Stakeholder Feedback Information Package – November 30, 2017 An information package was sent electronically to stakeholders on November 30, 2017 in order to get feedback on several items included in the Plan. Stakeholders were presented with a revised versions of the BEP, GIS mapping and comparison table and draft vision statements. The draft vision statements were based on feedback from the Stakeholder Meeting #2 discussion. Stakeholders were asked to choose which vision statement that they felt best described what we are trying to achieve. Comments were requested on anything in the BEP or mapping that either stood out as important or was not clear. A memorandum was included in the package describing the information contained in it including: the rationale for choosing the Rural Village Area and Rural Area depictions on the GIS maps and associated comparison table; and, the analysis behind the BEP numbers and potential conclusions based on the data. 55